![]() Department of Defense, Office of Civil Defense. History North America Fallout shelter water storage can: a 66 liters ( 17 + 1⁄ 2 U.S. gal) barrel issued by the U.S. A fallout shelter is designed to allow its occupants to minimize exposure to harmful fallout until radioactivity has decayed to a safer level. Much of this highly radioactive material falls to Earth, subjecting anything within the line of sight to radiation, becoming a significant hazard. The fallout emits alpha and beta particles, as well as gamma rays. ![]() When this material condenses in the rain, it forms dust and light sandy materials that resemble ground pumice. ![]() Many such shelters were constructed as civil defense measures during the Cold War.ĭuring a nuclear explosion, matter vaporized in the resulting fireball is exposed to neutrons from the explosion, absorbs them, and becomes radioactive. A fallout shelter is an enclosed space specially designated to protect occupants from radioactive debris or fallout resulting from a nuclear explosion.
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